Showing posts with label Rabi Crops. Show all posts
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6:49 AM

AGRONOMY

Scientific crop production is called Agronomy.

CROP

Community of plants to produce yield, which are economically important, called Crop.

OBJECTIVES OF CROP

To provide the food to the human beings and also useful to animals.

GENOTYPE

Genotype are the new varieties and cultivars.

  • Poor yield    =      poor genotype +         good environment
  • Poor yield    =      poor genotype +         poor environment
  • Poor yield    =      good genotype +         poor environment
  • Good yield   =      good genotype +         good environment

FACTORS EFFECTING GENOTYPE

These are the factors effecting genotype

  • Vulnerability of seed.
  • Viability of seed.
  • Poor storability.

SOIL

It is a layer of lithosphere. Soil is composed of aluminium and silica is 1:1 or 1:2 ratio.

Soil is the basic medium for plant growth.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL

Physical properties of soil are
  • Bulk density
  • Porosity
  • Soil texture and structure.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL

Chemical properties of soil are

  • Cation (-), Anion (+) exchange capacity
  • Soil ph.
  • Soil salts or electrical conductivity
  • Soil types.

CROPING SEASONS

We have two cropping seasons

RABI CROPS

Those crops which growing season starts in winter

For example; Wheat, Barley etc.

KHARIF CROPSBasic concepts in crop production 300x300 Basic concepts in crop production

Those crops which growing season starts in summer

For example; Cotton, Rice etc.

TYPES OF PLANTS ON THE BASIS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC SYSTEMS

There are two types of plants on the basis of photosynthetic systems
  • C3 Plants (Mesophyllous photosynthetic system)
  • C4 Plants (PEP carboxyl’s photosynthetic system)

DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF C3 AND C4 PLANTS

  • C4 are tropical plants.
  • C4 plants productivity is greater than C3 plants.
  • C4 plants are Sugar cane, Sorghum, Milit, Maize, and Weeds.
  • C4 plants does not utilize its own chloroplast whether C3 plants does use it.

SOIL COMPOSITION

Soil is the basic medium for plant growth.

Soil contain

  • 25% moisture
  • 25% Airspace
  • 5% Organic matter
  • 45% Minerals.

ESTIMATED NUMBER OF COMMON MICROORGANISMS PER GRAM OF SOIL.

  • Bacteria                           3,000,000 to 500,000,000
  • Actinomycetes                  1,000,000 to 20,000,000
  • Fungi                               5,000 to 1000,000
  • Protozoa                          1,000 to 500,000
  • Algae                               1,000 to 500,000

CN RATIO (CARBON TO NITROGEN RATIO)

CN ratio indicates the decomposition of organic matter. Number of carbon units utilizes to produce nitrogen unit.

Crop Name

C

:

N
· Green Legumes

12

:

1

· Compost (decompose form of O.matter)

15

:

1

· Garbage

25

:

1

· Sugar Cane thrash

50

:

1

· Weeds

80

:

1

· Rice straw

80

:

1

· Saw dust

500

:

1
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2:14 AM
The Indus River System Authority (IRSA) has downgraded projected water shortage for Rabi crops 2013-14 from 15 percent to 7 percent during the months of February and March as water availability in the dams and the rivers has improved considerably.
Punjab Canal Regulator and Consultant, M.H.Siddiqui, told Business Recorder here on Friday that in addition to the running water in the four live rivers of the country, 4.6 million acre ft water was still available in Tarbela and Mangla dams and Chashma reservoir for growing and maturing crops including wheat, grams, lentils, oilseeds, vegetables, fodder and orchards etc in February and March. IRSA increases water supply by seven percent 300x300 Rabi crops: IRSA increases water supply by seven percent
2.434 MAF water is available in Tarbela dam on river Indus, 2.094 MAF in Mangla dam on river Jhelum and 0.079 MAF in Chashma barrage, he added. Siddiqui said Punjab Irrigation department has been running canals in central Punjab by drawing 20,000 cusecs water from the Mangla dam and 7,300 cusecs run of the river Chenab water, yet it will open canals emanating from river Indus on 5th February 2014.
He said since the repairs work of the Qadirabad Barrage on the river Chenab and Balloki headwork on the river Ravi is still going on, the irrigation canals taking off from these water regulators would be opened on 5th February to supply water to the districts of Okara, Sahiwal, Pakpattan, Bahawalnagar to water the crops.
According to January 31 rivers flows and reservoirs level report of Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), IRSA is releasing about 70,000 cusecs water in the water ways across the country against the inflow of 36,000 cusecs at the rim stations of the river Indus 14,300 cusecs, river Kabul 8600 cusecs, Jhelum 7,000 and Chenab 7,300 cusecs.
Meanwhile Meteorological department has said that 3 to 4 spells of winter rain/ snowfall are expected during the month of February 2014.The first spell is likely to occur during the first week of February, barani areas of wheat crop may receive good rain during the period.
Source: Business Recorder
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11:26 PM
The farmers of rain-fed areas should sow Rabi crops from November 1 to November 10 to get an optimum yield, the Met Office said on Monday in its 10-day advisory for growers. "After this time the yield of wheat crop will decreases gradually," it warned, urging the farmers to sow wheat crop during November 1 to November 10 span to get a maximum yield. "Farmers of wheat growing areas are advised to sow their crops in time to get the optimum yield," it said. Met Office issues advisory for farmers: agrinfobank.comIt said the recent rains have improved the soil moisture in rain-fed areas of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), asking the farmers to complete sowing during the month for an optimum produce. Meanwhile, whether in most parts of Punjab is expected to remain mainly dry during the 10-day period. However, the Met Office said, rain was likely at isolated places in upper parts of the province during the last few days of the period.
It said weather in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was also likely to remain mainly dry. However, a rainfall is expected at isolated places in the upper parts of the province during the end days of the period. In Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), mainly dry/partly cloudy weather is expected. However, rainfall is expected at isolated places in GB by end of the period. In Kashmir, dry/partly cloudy weather is expected with chances of rains at isolated places by end of the period.
Source: http://www.brecorder.com
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6:21 AM


S/N
Vernacular name
Botanical name
Family
Agronomic use
Sowing season
A.      CEREAL CROPS
1.
Ghandum / Kanak / Wheat
Triticum aestivum
Poaceae
Cereals
Rabi
2.
Juo / Barley
Hordeum vulgare
Poaceae
Cereals/ Fodder
Rabi
3.
Dhaan / Rice / Paddy
Oryza sativa
Poaceae
Cereals
Kharif
4.
Makkai / Corn / Maize
Zea mays
Poaceae
Cereals / Fodder / Oilseeds
Kharif
5.
Jowar / Chari / Great Millet / Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor
Poaceae
Cereals / Fodder
Kharif (Grain purpose)
Rabi (Fodder purpose)
6.
Bajra / Pearl Millet
Pennisetum typhoides
Poaceae
Cereals / Fodder
Kharif
B.      FOOD LEGUMES
1.
Kalay Channay / Chickpea / Gram
Cicer arietinum
Fabaceae
Pulses
Rabi
2.
Kabuli Channay / Chickpea / White Gram
Cicer arietinum
Fabaceae
Pulses
Rabi
3.
Field pea
Pisum sativum
Fabaceae
Pulses
Rabi
4.
Masur / Lentil
Lens culnaris
Fabaceae
Pulses
Rabi
5.
Mung bean / Oregon Pea / Green Gram
Vigna radiata
Fabaceae
Pulses
Kharif
6.
Mash / Urd Bean / Black Gram
Vigna mungo
Fabaceae
Pulses
Kharif
7.
Pigeon pea / Red Gram / Arhar
Cajanus cajan
Fabaceae
Pulses
Kharif
8.
Lobia / Cowpea / Black-eyed Pea
Vigna unguiculata
Fabaceae
Pulses
Kharif
9.
Rawan / Cowpea
Vigna unguiculata
Fabaceae
Pulses
Kharif
C.      OILSEED CROPS
1.
Toria / Brown or Yellow Sarsoon / Rapeseed
Brassica campestris
Cruiferae
Oilseeds
Rabi
2.
Gohbi Sarsoon / Rapeseed
Brassica napus
Cruiferae
Oilseeds
Rabi
3.
Raya / Indian Mustard
Brassica juncea
Cruiferae
Oilseeds
Rabi
4.
Taramera / Mustard
Eruca sativa
Cruiferae
Oilseeds
Rabi
5.
Canola / Rapeseed
Brassica napus
Cruiferae
Oilseeds
Rabi
6.
Moongphali / Ground nut / Peanuts
Arachis hypogea
Fabaceae
Oilseeds
Kharif
7.
Suraj Mukkhi / Sunflower
Helianthus annus
Compositae
Oilseeds
Rabi
8.
Makkai / Corn / Maize
Zea mays
Poaceae
Cereals / Fodder / Oilseeds
Kharif
9.
Zeatoon / Olive
Olera europeae
Oleaceae
Oilseeds

10.
Kala Til / Niger
Guizotia abyssinica
Compositae
Oilseeds
Kharif
11.
Sufaid Til / Sesame
Sesamum indicum
Pedaliacea
Oilseeds
Kharif
12.
Alsi / Linseed
Linum ustitatissimum
Linaceae
Oilseeds
Rabi
13.
Guar / Cluster bean
Cyamopsis tetragonolba
Fabaceae
Fodder / Oilseeds
Kharif
14.
Kappas / Cotton
Gossypium arboretum & G. hirsutum
Malvaceae
Oilseeds  / Fiber
Kharif
D.      FIBER CROPS
1.
Kappas / Cotton
Gossypium arboretum & G. hirsutum
Malvaceae
Oilseeds  / Fiber
Kharif
2.
Patsun / Jute
Corchorus capsularis / C. olitorius
Tilliaceae
Fibre
Kharif
E.       SUGAR CROPS
1.
Kammad / Ganna / Sugarcane
Saccharum officinarum
Poaceae
Sugar
Perennial
2.
Chuqandar / Sugarbeet
Beta vulgaris
Chenopodiaceae
Sugar
Rabi
F.       FORAGE CROPS
1.
Berseem / Egyptian Clover
Trifolium alexanderinum
Fabaceae
Fodder / Green Manure
Rabi
2.
Shaftal / Persian Clover
Trifolium resupinatum
Fabaceae
Fodder
Rabi
3.
Lucern / Alfalfa
Medicago sativa
Fabaceae
Fodder
Rabi
4.
Guar / Cluster bean
Cyamopsis tetragonolba
Fabaceae
Fodder / Oilseeds
Kharif
5.
Jowar / Chari / Great Millet / Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor
Poaceae
Cereals / Fodder
Kharif (Grain purpose)
Rabi (Fodder purpose)
6.
Jai / Oat
Avena sativa
Poaceae
Fodder / Cereals
Rabi
7.
Makkai / Corn / Maize
Zea mays
Poaceae
Cereals / Fodder / Oilseeds
Kharif
8.
Juo / Barley
Hordeum vulgare
Poaceae
Cereals/ Fodder
Rabi
9.
Kangani

Fodder

10.
Haloon

Fodder
11.
Cheena

Fodder
12.
Jantar

Fodder
13.
Mott. Grass

Fodder
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